• Login
    • Login
    Advanced Search
    View Item 
    •   AMREF IR Home
    • Research Papers
    • General - GEN
    • General - GEN
    • View Item
    •   AMREF IR Home
    • Research Papers
    • General - GEN
    • General - GEN
    • View Item
    JavaScript is disabled for your browser. Some features of this site may not work without it.

    Interaction Between Climatic, Environmental, and Demographic Factors on Cholera Outbreaks in Kenya

    Thumbnail
    View/Open
    Research article (1.044Mb)
    Publication Date
    10/1/2014
    Authors
    Stoltzfus, James D
    Carter, Jane Y
    Akpinar-Elc, Muge
    Matu, Martin
    Kimotho, Victoria
    Giganti, Mark J
    Langat, Daniel
    Elci, Omur Cinar
    Show More
    (8 total)
    Type
    Article, Journal
    Item Usage Stats
    13
    views
    2
    downloads
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    Citation

    Stoltzfus, J.D., Carter, J.Y., Akpinar-Elci, M. et al. Interaction between climatic, environmental, and demographic factors on cholera outbreaks in Kenya. Infect Dis Poverty 3, 37 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1186/2049-9957-3-37

    Abstract/Overview

    Background: Cholera remains an important public health concern in developing countries including Kenya where 11,769 cases and 274 deaths were reported in 2009 according to the World Health Organization (WHO). This ecological study investigates the impact of various climatic, environmental, and demographic variables on the spatial distribution of cholera cases in Kenya. Methods: District-level data was gathered from Kenya’s Division of Disease Surveillance and Response, the Meteorological Department, and the National Bureau of Statistics. The data included the entire population of Kenya from 1999 to 2009. Results: Multivariate analyses showed that districts had an increased risk of cholera outbreaks when a greater proportion of the population lived more than five kilometers from a health facility (RR: 1.025 per 1% increase; 95% CI: 1.010, 1.039), bordered a body of water (RR: 5.5; 95% CI: 2.472, 12.404), experienced increased rainfall from October to December (RR: 1.003 per 1 mm increase; 95% CI: 1.001, 1.005), and experienced decreased rainfall from April to June (RR: 0.996 per 1 mm increase; 95% CI: 0.992, 0.999). There was no detectable association between cholera and population density, poverty, availability of piped water, waste disposal methods, rainfall from January to March, or rainfall from July to September. Conclusion: Bordering a large body of water, lack of health facilities nearby, and changes in rainfall were significantly associated with an increased risk of cholera in Kenya.

    Subject/Keywords
    Cholera; Education; Health infrastructure; Population density; Poverty; Rainfall; Waste disposal; Water supply
    Further Details

    © 2014 Stoltzfus et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

    Publisher
    BioMed Central
    ISSN
    DOI https://doi.org/10.1186/2049-9957-3-37
    Permalink
    http://repository.amref.org/handle/123456789/206
    Collections
    • General - GEN [355]

    Amref International University. All rights reserved | Copyright © 2021 
    Contact Us | Send Feedback

     

     

    Quick Links
    Amref International UniversityAmref Health AfricaKLISC

    Browse

    All of AMREF IRCommunities & CollectionsBy Issue DateAuthorsTitlesSubjectsTypeThis CollectionBy Issue DateAuthorsTitlesSubjectsType

    My Account

    LoginRegister

    Statistics

    View Usage Statistics

    Amref International University. All rights reserved | Copyright © 2021 
    Contact Us | Send Feedback