Factors Associated With Uptake of Modern Contraceptives Among Students at Lukenya University, Kenya

Abstract

Background: The use of contraceptives is a global public health priority, preventing unwanted pregnancies and associated health risks. In Kenya, modern contraceptive use is relatively high among unmarried women (70%), yet university students face a substantial unmet need. Despite the availability of contraceptive services at Lukenya University, uptake patterns remain unknown. Objectives: The study aimed to determine modern contraceptive use among Lukenya University students, focusing on uptake rates, practices, and factors influencing usage. Methodology: An analytical cross-sectional design was applied, using a multistage sampling technique to select 361students. Data collection involved KAP questionnaires and key informant interviews. Quantitative data were analyzed with Python and SPPS version 27, employing descriptive and inferential statistics at a 95% confidence level. Chi-square, Fischer’s test and t-tests were conducted to assess variable associations, while thematic analysis was applied to qualitative data. Ethical approval and informed consent were obtained. Results: Among the 361 respondents, 54.1% were female and 49.5% male. Overall contraceptive uptake was low (44%). Knowledge of modern contraceptives was low, with 49.1% of males and 42.2% of females demonstrating awareness. Usage was higher among males (48.5%) than females (40.8%). Healthcare providers significantly influenced attitudes (81.1%), while peer influence accounted for 21.6%. Uptake was significantly associated with age (p=0.032), marital status (p=0.021), partner influence (p=0.041), and fear of side effects (p=0.017). Qualitative findings highlighted cultural beliefs, privacy concerns, and social stigma, particularly among female students, as major barriers. Conclusion: Despite the moderate use of modern contraceptives, sustained and consistent usage remains low due to knowledge gaps, negative attitudes, and socio-cultural barriers. Comprehensive gender specific tailored SRH interventions for university students are needed to enhance uptake and address these challenges.