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    Effectiveness of One Dose of Oral Cholera Vaccine in Response to an Outbreak: A Case-cohort Study

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    Research article (307.3Kb)
    Publication Date
    2016-11
    Authors
    Azman, Andrew S.
    Parker, Lucy A
    Rumunu, John
    Tadesse, Fisseha
    Grandesso, Francesco
    Deng, Lul L.
    Lino, Richard Laku
    Bior, Bior K.
    Lasuba, Michael
    Page, Anne-Laure
    Ontweka, Lameck
    Llosa, Augusto E.
    Cohuet, Sandra
    Pezzoli, Lorenzo
    Sodjinou, Dossou Vincent
    Abubakar, Abdinasir
    Debes, Amanda K.
    Mpairwe, Allan M.
    Wamala, Joseph F.
    Jamet, Christine
    Lessler, Justin
    Sack, David A.
    Quilici, Marie-Laure
    Ciglenecki, Iza
    Luquero, Francisco J.
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    (25 total)
    Type
    Article, Journal
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    Citation

    Azman AS, Parker LA, Rumunu J, Tadesse F, Grandesso F, Deng LL, Lino RL, Bior BK, Lasuba M, Page AL, Ontweka L, Llosa AE, Cohuet S, Pezzoli L, Sodjinou DV, Abubakar A, Debes AK, Mpairwe AM, Wamala JF, Jamet C, Lessler J, Sack DA, Quilici ML, Ciglenecki I, Luquero FJ. Effectiveness of one dose of oral cholera vaccine in response to an outbreak: a case-cohort study. Lancet Glob Health. 2016 Nov;4(11):e856-e863. doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(16)30211-X. PMID: 27765293.

    Abstract/Overview

    Background Oral cholera vaccines represent a new eff ective tool to fi ght cholera and are licensed as two-dose regimens with 2–4 weeks between doses. Evidence from previous studies suggests that a single dose of oral cholera vaccine might provide substantial direct protection against cholera. During a cholera outbreak in May, 2015, in Juba, South Sudan, the Ministry of Health, Médecins Sans Frontières, and partners engaged in the fi rst fi eld deployment of a single dose of oral cholera vaccine to enhance the outbreak response. We did a vaccine eff ectiveness study in conjunction with this large public health intervention. Methods We did a case-cohort study, combining information on the vaccination status and disease outcomes from a random cohort recruited from throughout the city of Juba with that from all the cases detected. Eligible cases were those aged 1 year or older on the fi rst day of the vaccination campaign who sought care for diarrhoea at all three cholera treatment centres and seven rehydration posts throughout Juba. Confi rmed cases were suspected cases who tested positive to PCR for Vibrio cholerae O1. We estimated the short-term protection (direct and indirect) conferred by one dose of cholera vaccine (Shanchol, Shantha Biotechnics, Hyderabad, India). Findings Between Aug 9, 2015, and Sept 29, 2015, we enrolled 87 individuals with suspected cholera, and an 898-person cohort from throughout Juba. Of the 87 individuals with suspected cholera, 34 were classifi ed as cholera positive, 52 as cholera negative, and one had indeterminate results. Of the 858 cohort members who completed a follow-up visit, none developed clinical cholera during follow-up. The unadjusted single-dose vaccine eff ectiveness was 80·2% (95% CI 61·5–100·0) and after adjusting for potential confounders was 87·3% (70·2–100·0). Interpretation One dose of Shanchol was eff ective in preventing medically attended cholera in this study. These results support the use of a single-dose strategy in outbreaks in similar epidemiological settings.

    Subject/Keywords
    PCR; public health; Cholera; Outbreak; Juba; South Sudan
    Further Details

    Copyright © The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY license

    Publisher
    Elsevier Ltd.
    Permalink
    https://repository.amref.ac.ke/handle/123456789/721
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    • General - GEN [355]

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